On February 20, 1939 in New York’s Madison Square Garden, a Nazi flag is hung next to the banner of George Washington. The crowd responds enthusiastically to the speech advocating white supremacy and anti-Semitism. A man* runs out onto the stage and the police and Nazis immediately surround him. His pants get ripped off as he is thrown from the stage. A young boy witnessing the scene of violence shakes his shoulders in excitement, and we hear the last part of the US national anthem – ‘And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave / O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.’ In 2018, there are still loud voices of exclusion all around the world and we are haunted by our inner hatred and violence that might respond to them. The image of the struggling young man in the black and white footage stays with us for a long time. [Jisu Klaire YOO]

*He was a young Jewish man named Isadore Greenbaum. He was arrested for disorderly conduct and fined $25.